// LAST UPDATED 01 Apr 2018 function initMap() { var mapOptions = { zoom: 4, maxZoom: 16, center: {lat: 42,lng: -96}, mapTypeId: 'roadmap', styles: [ {elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#f5f5f5'}]}, {elementType: 'labels.icon', stylers: [{'visibility': 'off'}]}, {elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#616161'}]}, {elementType: 'labels.text.stroke',stylers: [{color: '#f5f5f5'}]}, {featureType: 'administrative.country', elementType: 'geometry.stroke', stylers: [{color: '#945200'},{'weight': 1}]}, {featureType: 'administrative.land_parcel', elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#bdbdbd'}]}, {featureType: 'administrative.province', elementType: 'geometry.stroke', stylers: [{color: '#945200'},{'weight': 1}]}, {featureType: 'poi', elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#eeeeee'}]}, {featureType: 'poi', elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#757575'}]}, {featureType: 'poi.park', elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#e5e5e5'}]}, {featureType: 'poi.park', elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#9e9e9e'}]}, {featureType: 'road', elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#ffffff'}]}, {featureType: 'road.arterial', elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#757575'}]}, {featureType: 'road.highway', elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#dadada'}]}, {featureType: 'road.highway', elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#616161'}]}, {featureType: 'road.local', elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#9e9e9e'}]}, {featureType: 'transit.line', elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#e5e5e5'}]}, {featureType: 'transit.station', elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#eeeeee'}]}, {featureType: 'water', elementType: 'geometry', stylers: [{color: '#c9c9c9'}]}, {featureType: 'water', elementType: 'labels.text.fill', stylers: [{color: '#9e9e9e'}]} ] }; map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map"), mapOptions); // INFOWINDOW AND MARKERS var infoWin = new google.maps.InfoWindow(); var markers = locations.map(function(location, i) { var marker = new google.maps.Marker({ position: {lat: location[3], lng: location[4]} }); google.maps.event.addListener(marker, 'click', function(evt) { infoWin.setContent( '

' + location[0] + '

' + location[1] + '

' + location[2] + '

' ); infoWin.open(map, marker); }) return marker; }); // MARKERCLUSTERER var markerCluster = new MarkerClusterer(map, markers, { maxZoom: 12, imagePath: 'https://straumanis.com/data/clusters/m' }); } // LATVIAN IMMIGRANTS IN 1898 ADDRESS BOOK // [0] name, [1] street, [2] city, [3] latitude, [4] longitude var locations = [ ['C. Abolin','94 Christy St.','New York, New York',42.2572818,-73.7676131], ['S. Aboltin','603 Dickinson St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9301254,-75.1551537], ['Sam Aboltin','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['S. Aboltin','256 S. 2nd St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9450658,-75.1447957], ['C. Ackerman','548 Lake St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.5404513,-81.6088726], ['Robert Adler','266 S. Fifth St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9454807,-75.1499692], ['Clarke Adler','318 Jessie St.','San Francisco, California',37.7834526,-122.4066794], ['William Agase','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Charles Ahbolin','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['Mr. Alksnis','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['John Aller','256 2nd St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9553084,-75.1427577], ['Mr. Amschmit','Holly Street','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3736158,-71.1097335], ['Mr. Amster','','Newport, Rhode Island',41.4901024,-71.3128285], ['Chas. Anderson','','Blakely, Washington',48.5625634,-122.8032189], ['Andrew Anitaiwitz','','Holliston, Massachusetts',42.2000966,-71.4245049], ['Gustof Anns','31 Columbia Place','Brooklyn, New York',40.6929093,-73.9985271], ['Mr. A. Antin','806 N. Front St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.962646,-75.138571], ['G. Arder','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['John Arkis','31 Columbia Place','Brooklyn, New York',40.6929093,-73.9985271], ['Jacob Aschin','603 Dickinson St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9301254,-75.1551537], ['Mr. Aukman','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['M. Auns','22 Redman St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.453689,-81.689528], ['Mr. B---','111 Sixth St. E.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3680387,-71.0867322], ['Chas. Balk','','Melrose Park, Illinois',41.9005865,-87.8567276], ['Fred Batway','74 W. 19th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8568627,-87.6291231], ['G. Baude','15 Morris St.','New York, New York',40.7065391,-74.0153949], ['Peter Bauman','Oregon Street','San Francisco, California',37.796647,-122.398294], ['Mr. J. Beesais','1216 Parish St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9681757,-75.1574117], ['Miss D. Beichman','1258 Dover St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9759347,-75.1827299], ['John Beite','','Dunmore, Alberta',49.9682249,-110.5869951], ['John Berg','205 28th St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.6580379,-73.998157], ['G. Berg','151 W. 66th St.','New York, New York',40.7743962,-73.9828348], ['Reinis Berg','197 2nd St.','New York, New York',40.722123,-73.9839559], ['John Bergman','559 Central Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8909704,-87.7647857], ['Fred Bergman','559 Central Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8909704,-87.7647857], ['Edward Bersing','11 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7892849,-122.3961956], ['Miss F. Berthold','','Brooklyn, New York',40.650002,-73.949997], ['B. Biederman','4 Bay View Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3317557,-71.0390284], ['George Birdin','346 E. 6th St.','New York, New York',40.7263542,-73.9864945], ['Mrs. Juhle Birkman','428 W. 18th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8579489,-87.6380406], ['Miss Lisie Birkman','428 W. 18th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8579489,-87.6380406], ['Miss Minnie Birkman','428 W. 18th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8579489,-87.6380406], ['S. Birsneek','43 Montrose Ave.','Brooklyn, New York',40.7070183,-73.948542], ['F. Black','133 W. Polk St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8721729,-87.6318837], ['John Blekis','133 Polk St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8721729,-87.6318837], ['J. Blimberg','834 N. Front St.','Baltimore, Maryland',39.2972331,-76.6067372], ['A. Bluhm','1 Carlisle St.','New York, New York',40.708837,-74.0133879], ['G. Bokum','548 Lake St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.5404513,-81.6088726], ['W.F. Bokum','821 Marshall St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9665269,-75.1480607], ['Mr. Bonfeldts','79 A. St. S.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3422892,-71.054738], ['Mrs. Bonfeldts','79 A. St. S.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3422892,-71.054738], ['John B. Brandt','779 Folsom St.','San Francisco, California',37.7824135,-122.4007153], ['Mr. A. Brauer','','Yale, Virginia',36.8457054,-77.2874715], ['A. Braun','721 Callowhill St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9584619,-75.1513015], ['H.H. Breeger','','Elgin, Illinois',42.0354084,-88.2825668], ['Mrs. Anna Breschinsky','187 W. 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8601158,-87.6302486], ['John Breschinsky','187 W. 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8601158,-87.6302486], ['John Bresinsky','187 16th St.','New York, New York',40.7349033,-73.9862961], ['F. Brickman','428 W. 18th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8579489,-87.6380406], ['L.W. Brown','1 Carlisle St.','New York, New York',40.708837,-74.0133879], ['J. Brown','710 Callowhill St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9581183,-75.1504568], ['Caspar Bruhmer','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Daniel Bucke','10 Washington St.','San Francisco, California',37.7958751,-122.4005703], ['Fred Bucke','','Port Discovery, Washington',48.0153682,-122.861836], ['F. Bulneek','','Lincoln, New Hampshire',44.0380087,-71.6725066], ['D. Bundscha','4 Bay View Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3317557,-71.0390284], ['Miss Lihna Bunke','129 W. 69th St.','New York, New York',40.7760754,-73.9811434], ['F. Bush','225 W. 114th St.','New York, New York',40.8025333,-73.9544505], ['John Bush','538 E. 117th St.','New York, New York',40.7950677,-73.931689], ['Peter Bush','','Klondike, Alaska',59.4535152,-135.3185254], ['A. Bush','140 2nd Ave.','New York, New York',40.7288626,-73.9870987], ['J.A. Bussell','1603 N. 10th St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9764313,-75.1510989], ['David Butner','211 Ontario St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.4964302,-81.6899639], ['Alexander Butte','20 Conant St.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.5770317,-70.8934455], ['Miss Anete Butte','1176 Columbus Ave.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3308223,-71.0944927], ['F. Buttler','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['Carl J. Chiber','','Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin',42.5530753,-87.9334118], ['J. Chimp','53 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8589617,-87.628924], ['Emil Clinder','22 Redman St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.453689,-81.689528], ['Mr. Dadsis','4 Bay View Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3317557,-71.0390284], ['Mrs. Dadsis','4 Bay View Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3317557,-71.0390284], ['J. Daimona','224 6th St.','New York, New York',40.7276735,-73.9896592], ['Chas. Damberg','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['E. Darsen','845 105th St.','Pullman, Illinois',41.7036444,-87.6033689], ['Dr. Daugul','70 Sullivan St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.677479,-74.0114517], ['C. Dawidson','689 1st Ave.','New York, New York',40.747126,-73.9710869], ['H. Demuth','326 E. 6th St.','New York, New York',40.7267031,-73.9873417], ['Jacob Dollman','','McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania',40.4656244,-80.0656106], ['Mrs. Ana Donska','22 Redman St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.453689,-81.689528], ['Mr. Draudsin','845 Cottage Grove Ave.','Pullman, Illinois',41.6913431,-87.6096707], ['J. Draudsin','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['Peter Draudsin','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['K. Draudsin','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['Miss K. Draudsin','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['John Draudson','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['Miss Lizzie Draudson','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['Krischj. Draudson','','Josephsburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['John Dreiman','','Josephsburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['Tr. Dsinter','742 Woodbine St.','Germantown, Pennsylvania',39.9956338,-75.2259179], ['Adolf Edward','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['J. Eglite','187 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8602543,-87.6226624], ['W. Eglite','187 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8602543,-87.6226624], ['J. Eglite','215 Washburn Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',42.0272492,-88.2833496], ['John Ehrglis','61 Ellsworth St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.285069,-81.842247], ['Krischjan Ekte','','Josephsburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['Mrs. Ekte','','Josephsburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['J. Elp','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['F. Elterman','53 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8589617,-87.628924], ['Mr. F. Elterman','75 W. 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8601201,-87.6298191], ['A. Enke','44 N. Waiela Ave.','La Grange, Illinois',41.8161409,-87.8774332], ['Edward Enke','45 N. Waiela Ave.','La Grange, Illinois',41.8163244,-87.8768579], ['Miss M. Ewert','3911 Eaglesfield St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2046196,-75.5862663], ['Chas. Feltner','533 Spring St.','Los Angeles, California',34.0463213,-118.2506294], ['Mr. Flamberg','403 Boulevard','Jersey City Heights, New Jersey',39.8593078,-74.1553517], ['Mr. Fracis','779 Folsom St.','San Francisco, California',37.7824135,-122.4007153], ['F. Freiberg','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['F. Freiberg','','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.0024137,-75.258117], ['Mr. Robert Freiberg','214 Washburn Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',42.0276789,-88.2834289], ['Mrs. Matilde Freiberg','214 Washburn Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',42.0276789,-88.2834289], ['Aug. Freiberg','152 Emily St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9224826,-75.1496159], ['Jacob Freija','','Josephsburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['Mrs. J. Freija','','Josephsburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['Mr. A. Friedenburg','1920 S. Front St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9234177,-75.1481988], ['K. Fuhrman','34 McLean St.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3130372,-71.2423169], ['G. Gadofsky','310 Fulton St.','Pullman, Illinois',41.6913507,-87.6097082], ['J. Gail','614 Spring Garden St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9609576,-75.1495508], ['A. Geger','78 Beacon St.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3561089,-71.0707388], ['Mr. P. Gertz','2203 S. 3rd St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9206016,-75.1514712], ['P. Gertz','136 McLean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9476279,-75.192598], ['Mr. John Graksch','37 24th Ave.','Melrose Park, Illinois',41.8917594,-87.8623591], ['Mrs. Karline Graksch','37 24th Ave.','Melrose Park, Illinois',41.8917594,-87.8623591], ['Mr. A. Grauding','','Yale, Virginia',36.8457054,-77.2874715], ['Miss. M. Grauding','924 Filbert St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9525756,-75.1552884], ['Charles Greenberg','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Andre Grimste','1258 Dover St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9759347,-75.1827299], ['Chas. Grison','97 Greenwich St.','New York, New York',40.7081129,-74.0133238], ['Charles Grosback','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['Mr. John Gross','126 Fitzwater St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.938402,-75.14558], ['August Groth','','Seattle, Washington',47.6062095,-122.3320708], ['Mr. Grunaw','622 W. 131st St.','New York, New York',40.81794,-73.958448], ['John Grundberg','663 Morgan St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8936653,-87.6523438], ['A. Gutman','108a Somers St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.678948,-73.907296], ['Miss R. Gutman','108a Somers St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.678948,-73.907296], ['J. Gutof','','Hainesport Station, New York',39.9557799,-75.1819683], ['L. Hartman','10655 Mackinaw Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.7010705,-87.5422318], ['John Hartman','','Seattle, Washington',47.6062095,-122.3320708], ['Mr. Hartman','','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3736158,-71.1097335], ['Mrs. Hartman','','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3736158,-71.1097335], ['K. Hartman','1258 Dover St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9759347,-75.1827299], ['A. Hausman','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['John Helsing','4928 Thomson St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9733597,-75.2206191], ['John F. Herman','50 Bolivar St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.4978071,-81.6847955], ['J. Herman','112 Elm Ave.','St. Louis, Missouri',38.5857834,-90.3834249], ['Mrs. Hill','Rugel Street','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3138719,-71.1067127], ['Mr. J. Hingus','1920 Front St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9234177,-75.1481988], ['H. Hoffman','303 Starkweather Ave.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.4774069,-81.6874511], ['Christ. Hoffman','303 Starkweather Ave.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.4774069,-81.6874511], ['John Hoffman','303 Starkweather Ave.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.4774069,-81.6874511], ['Harry Hoffman','779 Folsom St.','San Francisco, California',37.7824135,-122.4007153], ['Jack Hoffman','779 Folsom St.','San Francisco, California',37.7824135,-122.4007153], ['Miss Honson','133 Polk St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8721729,-87.6318837], ['F. Huhns','246 Alexander St.','Rochester, New York',43.1512341,-77.5955442], ['J. Ikwild','','Tarrytown, New York',41.0762077,-73.8587461], ['Miss A. Inberg','3911 Eaglesfield St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2046196,-75.5862663], ['John Incke','','Penfield, Ohio',41.1615038,-82.116955], ['Miss J. Inke','1258 Dover St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9759347,-75.1827299], ['G. Inke','136 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9228131,-75.149305], ['John Isakson','6 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7923279,-122.3912755], ['Alexander Jacobson','20 Conant St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.5663168,-70.9345945], ['John Jacobson','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['Miss Jahn','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['John Jankowsky','153 Lincoln Ave.','New York, New York',40.8088275,-73.9289691], ['Konstantine Jankowsky','271 Stevenson St.','San Francisco, California',37.7853997,-122.4050947], ['Charles Jankowsky','','Jerome, Arizona',34.7489107,-112.1137716], ['H. Janowitz','','North Woburn, Massachusetts',42.5084279,-71.1578325], ['J. Janson','1233 Harmony St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.939132,-75.2003391], ['Mr. Janson','33 Conant St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.5670915,-70.932226], ['Mrs. Janson','33 Conant St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.5670915,-70.932226], ['Teodor Janson','1319 Hollywood St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9368623,-75.1925591], ['Mr. J. Janson','13 Filbert St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9535286,-75.1616884], ['Alexander Jehkabson','29 Loe St.','San Francisco, California',37.7225914,-122.4372105], ['John Jehkabson','779 Folsom St.','San Francisco, California',37.7824135,-122.4007153], ['F. Jekshewitz','187 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.501042,-87.629206], ['A. Jesky','187 12th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.7213769,-87.6287017], ['Mr. Johnson','49 Terrace St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3303101,-71.0970911], ['Mr. Johnson','118 Heath St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3260534,-71.1022629], ['Martin Johnson','Haskell Street','Golden Gate, California',37.8511158,-122.2832476], ['Mrs. Elizabeth Johnson','Haskell Street','Golden Gate, California',37.8511158,-122.2832476], ['Miss Frieda Johnson','Haskell Street','Golden Gate, California',37.8511158,-122.2832476], ['Miss Maria Jonson','215 Washburn Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',42.0272492,-88.2833496], ['M. Jonson','66 Olivers St.','New York, New York',40.7120087,-73.9977874], ['Henry Jonson','1319 Hollywood St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9368623,-75.1925591], ['Chas. Jonson','54 Bromley St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3260963,-71.0990839], ['Mr. Joujeet','272 State St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.6893703,-73.9890612], ['F. Jurewitz','','Edgar, Wisconsin',44.9253793,-89.9868937], ['M. Jurgenson','338 W. 48th St.','New York, New York',40.7615518,-73.9887784], ['Mr. Fr. Jurschewitz','','Adingham, Pennsylvania',39.9423344,-75.3046311], ['J. Jursewsky','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['J. Jursewsky','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Edward Juschewitz','393 May St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8888278,-87.6557276], ['Mr. Jushkewitz','2 Carlisle St.','New York, New York',40.7086648,-74.01339], ['F. Kairit','81 Cambridgeport St.','Charleston, Massachusetts',42.3767956,-71.0925773], ['John Kairit','81 Cambridgeport St.','Charleston, Massachusetts',42.3767956,-71.0925773], ['M. Kairit','','Antrim, New Hampshire',43.0308557,-71.9389194], ['Chas. Kalming','700 3rd Ave.','Brooklyn, New York',40.663692,-73.998544], ['Edward Kalning','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Martin Kalning','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['August Kalning','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Mike Kalning','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['John Kalnmal','','Seattle, Washington',47.6062095,-122.3320708], ['Chas. Karklin','630 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',42.3286605,-87.8386365], ['Karklins','1183 Tremont St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3337919,-71.0908314], ['John Karlin','98 Fulton St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.7012806,-73.9916728], ['J. Keinof','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['Mr. John Kere','214 Washburn Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',42.0276789,-88.2834289], ['George Kern ','96 E. 18th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8578653,-87.6239671], ['John Kirstein','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Mr. F. Klabis','','Brook Park, Minnesota',45.9484045,-93.0754076], ['Miss S. Klaische','4038 Eaglesfield St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2046196,-75.5862663], ['Mr. M. Klaische','','Yale, Virginia',36.8457054,-77.2874715], ['J. Klaische','4038 Eaglesfield St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2046196,-75.5862663], ['J. Klaishe','1424 Marshall St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9736963,-75.1469044], ['M. Klaishe','1424 Marshall St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9736963,-75.1469044], ['Ernst Klearr','54 Academy St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9432756,-74.1918617], ['August Kleeberg','','Fairbank, Arizona',31.7220005,-110.1883086], ['Mr. Fr. Klein','1508 N. 24th St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9785589,-75.1747756], ['D. Klein','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['Herman Klein','140 22nd St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.4950061,-87.6318065], ['Mr. Klein','575 W. 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8588405,-87.63895], ['Mrs. Kleinberg','Holly Street','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3827273,-71.1296677], ['Mr. Kleinberg','Holly Street','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3827273,-71.1296677], ['Mr. J. Kleinberg','152 Emily St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9224826,-75.1496159], ['Theodore Kleinberg','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Chas. Kleinof','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['E. Kleins','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['Ludwig Kleins','2416 Bodine St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.987559,-75.137837], ['F. Kleins','1801 N. 6th St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9786519,-75.144793], ['Fred Kleinup','','Seattle, Washington',47.6062095,-122.3320708], ['F. Klinton','107 W. 26th St.','New York, New York',40.74521,-73.9917951], ['Rudolph Kluge','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['Jacob Kluge','126 Fitzwater St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.938402,-75.14558], ['Mr. John Konin','718 Nolel St.','Chicago, Illinois',42.2640504,-87.99273], ['Mrs. Ilse Konin','718 Nolel St.','Chicago, Illinois',42.2640504,-87.99273], ['Miss Anna Konin','718 Nolel St.','Chicago, Illinois',42.2640504,-87.99273], ['Mr. Krastin','64 Dudley St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.923224,-75.1480196], ['Aug. Krastin','22 Orchard St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.292029,-82.2046217], ['Paul Krastin','269 Lawn St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.4826645,-81.8602652], ['Krauklin','187 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8602543,-87.6226624], ['Andrew Kraul','','Marinette, Wisconsin',45.0999849,-87.6306623], ['Fritz Kraul','','Marinette, Wisconsin',45.0999849,-87.6306623], ['William Kraus','','Chicago, Illinois',41.850033,-87.6828825], ['Miss Lissie Kraus','','Chicago, Illinois',41.850033,-87.6828825], ['Kristap Kreewin','7316 Wabash Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.7613584,-87.6235163], ['Miss Gussie Krishman','1545 N. 6th St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.975259,-75.145351], ['Andrew Kristine','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['David Krize','603 Dickinson St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9301254,-75.1551537], ['K. Kronberg','','Bronxville, New York',40.9381544,-73.8320784], ['Andrew Kruhmer','','Seattle, Washington',47.6062095,-122.3320708], ['John Kruhming','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Andrew Kruhming','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Peter Kruhming','131 East St.','San Francisco, California',32.7146268,-117.1640728], ['Peter Kudritzky','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['J. Kundsing','','Cambridge , Massachusetts',42.3736158,-71.1097335], ['M. Kuplast','31 W. Ashland St.','Brockton, Massachusetts',42.093767,-71.0209203], ['Martin Kurtzig','620 Bush St.','San Francisco, California',37.7903278,-122.4075224], ['Jack Kweesis','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['J. Lahze','197 2nd St.','New York, New York',40.722123,-73.9839559], ['William Lambert','68 Elizabeth St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9450323,-74.1861747], ['John Lankousky','870 W. 13th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8653452,-87.6662361], ['Mr. J. Lankut','806 N. Front St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.962646,-75.138571], ['John Lapping','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['Carl Laurinait','54 Academy St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9432756,-74.1918617], ['H. Leepin','850 Harrison St.','Pullman, Illinois',41.6421382,-87.6879982], ['Rev. Carl Lehman','S. Brooklyn','Cleveland, Ohio',41.4301349,-81.7512107], ['O. Leike','615 Wolf St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9204556,-75.1578445], ['D. Leipzig','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['Miss Olga Lepp','2000 Durrant Ave.','Berkeley, California',37.8660273,-122.2698639], ['Miss Emilie Lepp','2032 Berkeley Way','Berkeley, California',37.8727378,-122.2693186], ['Mrs. Ana Lepp','2032 Berkeley Way','Berkeley, California',37.8727378,-122.2693186], ['Miss Mathilde Lepp','2413 Bancroft Way','Berkeley, California',37.869353,-122.26135], ['Edward Lepp','280 Jackson St.','San Francisco, California',37.7969505,-122.400621], ['Alexander Lepp','','Berkeley, California',37.8715926,-122.272747], ['Mr. Fr. Leschinsky','152 Emily St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9224826,-75.1496159], ['John Lesdin','','McGregor, Iowa',43.0246813,-91.1812468], ['J. Leyin','66 Allen St.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.2476141,-71.1285446], ['Lillienthal','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['J. Lindberg','339 S. 5th St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.7084625,-73.9552349], ['Fred Livinthal','','Melrose Park, Illinois',41.9005865,-87.8567276], ['Peter Lode','','Hermansville, Michigan',45.711075,-87.60207], ['Otto Loos','','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9525839,-75.1652215], ['M. Lukewitz','53 Shermerhorn St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.6910871,-73.9913391], ['John Lukewitz','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Captain Lukewitz','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Mr. John Makke','152 Emily St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9224826,-75.1496159], ['John Mandeik','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['A.M. Manson','3911 Eaglesfield St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2046196,-75.5862663], ['R.J. Manson','1106 State St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9730988,-75.2026708], ['J.M. Manson','','Yale, Virginia',36.8457054,-77.2874715], ['Herman Marten','214 Washburn Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',42.0276789,-88.2834289], ['F. Maselhofsky','722 14th Place','Chicago, Illinois',41.8623519,-87.6459209], ['Reenold Maselhofsky','722 W. 14th Place','Chicago, Illinois',41.8623519,-87.6459209], ['F. Mecker','26 Redman St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.453689,-81.689528], ['Mr. J. Meesis','75 W. 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8601201,-87.6298191], ['Mr. Michalowsky','1258 Dover St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9759347,-75.1827299], ['Ernst Michelowsky','1258 Dover St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9759347,-75.1827299], ['J.M. Michelson','722 N. 11th St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9662727,-75.1553347], ['Robert Mikelson','7316 Wabash Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.7613584,-87.6235163], ['Joseph Miller','1525 Carpenter St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9395422,-75.1692445], ['Joshe Miller','','Adhingham, Pennsylvania',39.9423344,-75.3046311], ['John Miller','54 Academy St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9432756,-74.1918617], ['George Miner','28 Sacramento St.','San Francisco, California',37.7943202,-122.3988049], ['Theo. K. Moller','','Bloomville, Wisconsin',45.29333,-89.5275], ['Charles Neuland','54 Academy St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9432756,-74.1918617], ['Miss Emilie Neuland','16 1st Ave.','Amsterdam, New York',42.941731,-74.1829026], ['John Neuland','54 Academy St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9432756,-74.1918617], ['Fritz Neuland','16 1st Ave.','Amsterdam, New York',42.941731,-74.1829026], ['J. Ohsis','49 Webster Ave.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3679317,-71.092605], ['Mrs. Ohsis','49 Webster Ave.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3679317,-71.092605], ['J. Omuls','310 Fulton St.','Pullman, Illinois',41.6913507,-87.6097082], ['Miss Emilie Omuls','310 Fulton St.','Pullman, Illinois',41.6913507,-87.6097082], ['J. Opman','271 Stevenson St.','San Francisco, California',37.7853997,-122.4050947], ['J. Oschis','8 Fay St.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3435189,-71.0655373], ['John Oschneek','1519 S. Front St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9285175,-75.1467951], ['Mr. Oshmaneek','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['John Osolin','','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9525839,-75.1652215], ['Jabob Ossipow','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['Mr. Peter Ossit','503 6th St.','Milwaukee, Wisconsin',43.0262836,-87.9185799], ['Mr. Jacob Ossit','503 6th St.','Milwaukee, Wisconsin',43.0262836,-87.9185799], ['Mr. Fr. Peckman','306 Crown St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2130651,-74.7773393], ['Jacob Peetkaln','814 Lloyd St.','Milwaukee, Wisconsin',43.0591407,-87.9192577], ['E. Pekofsy','619 Central Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.891686,-87.7647609], ['Waldemar Petersen','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Jack Petersen','779 Folsom St.','San Francisco, California',37.7824135,-122.4007153], ['Miss Lihna Peterson','717 Marshall St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9406985,-75.1529407], ['Peter Petrowski','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['John Petrowski','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Chas. Petuck','131 East St.','San Francisco, California',32.7146268,-117.1640728], ['H. Pfeipers','9 Conant St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.5771839,-70.8921334], ['Mr. Pilag','6 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7923279,-122.3912755], ['Miss Ana Pilskaln','548 Lake St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.5404513,-81.6088726], ['John Pinkul','','Hopkinton, Massachusetts',42.2286954,-71.5225646], ['Gus Pinkul','','West Newton, Massachusetts',42.3497948,-71.2250533], ['Fritz Pinkul','','Hopkinton, Massachusetts',42.2286954,-71.5225646], ['Antonia Pinkul','Monument Avenue','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3754924,-71.0613141], ['P. Platmalneek','129 Washington Ave.','Allentown, Pennsylvania',40.6689023,-75.479449], ['Mr. Plaweneek','814 N. Front St.','Baltimore, Maryland',39.2972331,-76.6067372], ['Peter Pruhs','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Fred Pukkit','61 Ellsworth St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.285069,-81.842247], ['Caspar Pukkit','61 Ellsworth St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.285069,-81.842247], ['John Pumpur','306 Crown St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2130651,-74.7773393], ['Mr. Charles Purin','1020 N. Broadway','Milwaukee, Wisconsin',43.0440655,-87.9081193], ['Jacob Purmal','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['Carl Rapmond','54 Academy St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9432756,-74.1918617], ['Mr. Raschkewitz','','Pullman, Illinois',41.689521,-87.6060806], ['A. Raufman','548 Lake St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.5404513,-81.6088726], ['Jack Raufman','24 Anthony St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.457575,-81.8121976], ['David Raufman','69 Bethel','Cleveland, Ohio',41.5061366,-81.6894536], ['Rev. Hans Rebahne','8 Gore Ave.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3207095,-71.1102458], ['Mr. G. Rehke','1920 Front St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9234177,-75.1481988], ['William Reidemanberg','271 Stevenson St.','San Francisco, California',37.7853997,-122.4050947], ['H. Reisel','22 Redman St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.453689,-81.689528], ['Ed. Reisel','22 Redman St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.453689,-81.689528], ['Mr. Fr. Remberg','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['John Resewsky','152 Emily St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9224826,-75.1496159], ['Peter Richter','618 Randolph St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.941871,-75.1518277], ['Miss M. Rijeneek','1547 W. 6th St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.975304,-75.145342], ['Mr. Robert','138 Pierce St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.925661,-75.148711], ['W. Robert','187 23rd St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.4946,-87.629467], ['Adolph Roberts','','Yale, Virginia',36.8457054,-77.2874715], ['Mrs. A. Roberts','','Yale, Virginia',36.8457054,-77.2874715], ['Rockwell','666 Washington Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8834135,-87.6454227], ['Otto Rogert','','Little Afognak, Alaska',58.0108363,-152.7940365], ['Chas. Rohrbach','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['J. Rolman','272 State St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.6893703,-73.9890612], ['M. Rolman','272 State St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.6893703,-73.9890612], ['Chas. Rose','131 East St.','San Francisco, California',32.7146268,-117.1640728], ['Ed. Rosenberg','','San Francisco, California',37.7749295,-122.4194155], ['E. Rosenberg','1st Street','New York, New York',40.7236185,-73.9892192], ['Rosenberg','801 Dudley St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.896073,-87.675847], ['Miss L. Rosenthal','417 Girard Ave.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9706261,-75.1300129], ['K. Rosenthal','20 Conant St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.5663168,-70.9345945], ['Karl Rosenthal','','Edgemoor, Delaware',39.7501139,-75.4996414], ['Miss N. Ruben','1820 Balton St.','Baltimore, Maryland',39.309564,-76.629609], ['Peter Ruby','','Melrose Park, Illinois',41.9005865,-87.8567276], ['Captain John Rudback','129 Berry St.','San Francisco, California',37.7766168,-122.3923078], ['John Rudolf','46 Catharine Court','New York, New York',40.712311,-73.996846], ['Edward Rulerg','98 S. Sangamon St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8804179,-87.6508305], ['William Rumberg','1 Mission St.','San Francisco, California',37.79332,-122.392761], ['L. Sandaw','634 Canal St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8743772,-87.6394852], ['M. Sander','86 E. Chicago Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8968664,-87.6258305], ['Mr. Sander','20 Mellen St.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3805885,-71.1179957], ['Mrs. Sander','20 Mellen St.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3805885,-71.1179957], ['Wm. Sanderson','86 E. Chicago Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8968664,-87.6258305], ['Sapatsky','4 Bay View Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3317557,-71.0390284], ['Mrs. Sapatsky','4 Bay View Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3317557,-71.0390284], ['Mr. Sarin','82 Bond St.','Chicago, Illinois',42.0284002,-87.9752435], ['Sascha','4 Bay View Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3317557,-71.0390284], ['Mrs. Sascha','4 Bay View Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3317557,-71.0390284], ['John Sauka','75 W. 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8601201,-87.6298191], ['C. Schenker','314 Emily St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9226656,-75.1512744], ['Chas. Schenker','1920 S. Front St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9234177,-75.1481988], ['Chas. Schilinsky','504 3rd St.','San Francisco, California',37.7808945,-122.395712], ['Jacob Schillin','','Melrose Park, Illinois',41.9005865,-87.8567276], ['J. Schitke','239 Shawmut Ave.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3437343,-71.0682105], ['Mr. Schlesewsky','1496 W. 22nd St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8468249,-87.9546928], ['Mrs. Schlesewsky','1496 W. 22nd St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8468249,-87.9546928], ['Miss Selma Schlesewsky','1496 W. 22nd St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8468249,-87.9546928], ['Mr. Edward Schmidt','814 Lloyd St.','Milwaukee, Wisconsin',43.0591407,-87.9192577], ['Mr. Schmit','1183 Tremont St.','Roxburg, Massachusetts',42.3337919,-71.0908314], ['Mr. Schulzis','8 Fay St.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3435189,-71.0655373], ['Krishjohn Schwarbstein','164 Fox St.','Buffalo, New York',42.8962135,-78.8460723], ['Peter Schwarbstein','164 Fox St.','Buffalo, New York',42.8962135,-78.8460723], ['Karl Schwarbstein','164 Fox St.','Buffalo, New York',42.8962135,-78.8460723], ['Martha Schwarbstein','164 Fox St.','Buffalo, New York',42.8962135,-78.8460723], ['F. Seemel','10 Washington St.','San Francisco, California',37.7958751,-122.4005703], ['Kr. Seikman','','Hainesport, New Jersey',39.9837234,-74.8271081], ['O. Seikman','','Hainesport, New Jersey',39.9837234,-74.8271081], ['Fritz Seltin','620 W. 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.859167,-87.6448618], ['Mrs. Seltin','620 W. 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.859167,-87.6448618], ['Mr. Sewald','54 Webster Ave.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.368031,-71.0930003], ['Mrs. Sewald','54 Webster Ave.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.368031,-71.0930003], ['J. Sieberg','24 Washington Ave.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3847785,-71.122489], ['Mr. Sievert','53 Shermerhorn St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.6910871,-73.9913391], ['Miss Sieverth','98 Fulton St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.7012806,-73.9916728], ['F. Sigel','54 Monroe St.','Newark, New Jersey',40.7306954,-74.158792], ['A. Sikman','559 Central Ave.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8909704,-87.7647857], ['Mr. J. Siksen','75 W. 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8601201,-87.6298191], ['Chas. Siksen','','Edgar, Wisconsin',44.9179981,-89.9864473], ['Caspar Sile','539 Central Ave.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.496307,-81.653277], ['M. Silin','Bridge Street','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3612433,-71.1167282], ['K. Silin','29 Linden St.','Newton Upper Falls, Massachusetts',42.3116363,-71.2196931], ['Fritz Silly','','Harlem, Illinois',42.3698084,-88.9988098], ['John Simkaus','','Dunmore, Alberta',49.9682249,-110.5869951], ['J. Sirms','138 Pierce St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.925661,-75.148711], ['Miss Olga Smith','193 Bellevue St.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.2789199,-71.1510666], ['Harry Smith','779 Folsom St.','San Francisco, California',37.7824135,-122.4007153], ['Harry Smith','','Jerome, Arizona',34.7489107,-112.1137716], ['E. Sohupet','','Yale, Virginia',36.8457054,-77.2874715], ['Chas. Somer','806 W. Front St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9371392,-75.1451239], ['Mr. Soske','239 Shawmut Ave.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3437343,-71.0682105], ['Mr. Spade','','San Francisco, California',37.7749295,-122.4194155], ['Jacob Sprogis','','La Grange, Illinois',41.8050314,-87.8692254], ['Mr. Daw Spuris','620 W. 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.859167,-87.6448618], ['Miss Katrina Spuris','620 W. 17th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.859167,-87.6448618], ['Jack Stack','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Miss Lizzie Stack','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Ernst Stall','','Volo, Illinois',42.3261332,-88.167861], ['Dick Stalt','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Peter Stalte','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Mr. Stambergs','111 Sixth St.','Cambridge, Massachusetts',42.3680387,-71.0867322], ['A. Stein','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['P. Stein','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['W. Stein','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['Miss M. Stein','1335 N. 13th St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9738253,-75.1563111], ['J. Steinberg','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['Mr. E. Stelbowitz','','Edgar, Wisconsin',44.9215836,-89.9859241], ['F. Stenberg','2 Carlisle St.','New York, New York',40.7086648,-74.01339], ['Mr. Stenhard','155 E. 58th St.','New York, New York',40.7615443,-73.9678457], ['Carl Storman','75 W. 16th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8601201,-87.6298191], ['Aug. Strasding','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['Mr. S. Straus','38 Lewis St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.6872261,-88.3943495], ['Martin Strauting','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Ernst Strautman','271 Stevenson St.','San Francisco, California',37.7853997,-122.4050947], ['Miss Emily Strautman','271 Stevenson St.','San Francisco, California',37.7853997,-122.4050947], ['Fred Strautman','','San Pedro, California',33.7360619,-118.2922461], ['Jacob Strautman','6 Whittier St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3330415,-71.0881014], ['E. Strautman','6 Whittier St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3330415,-71.0881014], ['Fred Strautman','6 Whittier St.','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3330415,-71.0881014], ['Fr. C. Strautman','220 Porter St.','Melrose, Massachusetts',42.4626793,-71.0517159], ['Juris Strehl','','McKees Rocks, Pennsylvania',40.4656244,-80.0656106], ['J. Strehlneek','4 May Place','Roxbury, Massachusetts',42.3091466,-71.1229186], ['J. Streng','10655 Mackinaw St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.7010705,-87.5422318], ['Chas. Strombach','','Shelby, Ohio',40.8814452,-82.6618424], ['Fred Strombach','','Shelby, Ohio',40.8814452,-82.6618424], ['J. Strous','','Fayette County, Pennsylvania',39.9272324,-79.6502105], ['R. Stuhrl','403 Boulevard','Jersey City Heights, New Jersey',39.8593078,-74.1553517], ['J.M. Sute','','Dunmore, Alberta',49.9682249,-110.5869951], ['Martin Sute','','Dunmore, Alberta',49.9682249,-110.5869951], ['Mrs. A.M. Sute','','Dunmore, Alberta',49.9682249,-110.5869951], ['C. Swabe','710 St. John St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9370436,-75.118562], ['Karl Swirgsding','13 Bristol Place','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.0159229,-75.1296522], ['Fr. Tansons','8 Western Ave.','Medford, Massachusetts',42.3652339,-71.1051335], ['August Teichman','1508 N. 24th St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9785589,-75.1747756], ['Mr. F. Tiltin','','Hainesport, New Jersey',39.9837234,-74.8271081], ['John Timberg','1013 Parish St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9675343,-75.1534233], ['Mrs. M. Timberg','4038 Eaglesfield St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2046196,-75.5862663], ['A. Tone','98 Fulton St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.7012806,-73.9916728], ['Mr. Traugut','1 Madison Place','Newark, New Jersey',40.7323907,-74.1578786], ['Mr. Treiman','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Christopher Treulieb','','Jerome, Arizona',34.7489107,-112.1137716], ['John Treulieb','68 Elizabeth St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9450323,-74.1861747], ['Jacob Treulieb','68 Elizabeth St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9450323,-74.1861747], ['J. Treulon','','Montgomery, New York',41.5275938,-74.236816], ['John Trey','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['John Tuhtar','814 Lloyd St.','Milwaukee, Wisconsin',43.0591407,-87.9192577], ['F. Ulpe','5531 Main St.','Germantown, Pennsylvania',40.029056,-75.2302808], ['John Ungar','779 Folsom St.','San Francisco, California',37.7824135,-122.4007153], ['Mr. M. Upmal','2203 S. 3rd St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9206016,-75.1514712], ['Mr. Upmal','64 Dudley St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.923224,-75.1480196], ['John Vogel','','Josephburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['Mrs J. Vogel','','Josephburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['Fritz Vogel','','Josephburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['Mrs. F. Vogel','','Josephburg, Alberta',53.7265447,-113.0817094], ['M. Vowelbehr','7 Van Braam St.','Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania',40.4374758,-79.982524], ['Chas. Wagner','','West Berkeley, California',37.8743703,-122.2985808], ['Wilhelm Wagner','','Unga Island, Alaska',55.2693058,-160.6748964], ['J. Wahdsemneek','2416 Bodine St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.987559,-75.137837], ['John Waller','74 W. 19th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8568627,-87.6291231], ['Joseph Walter','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['William Walters','618 Randolph St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.941871,-75.1518277], ['J. Wanage','53 Shermerhorn St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.6910871,-73.9913391], ['J. Wanags','307 Livingston St.','Brooklyn, New York',40.6881737,-73.9813488], ['John Weide','111 Steward St.','San Francisco, California',37.7590309,-122.4407781], ['John Weiland','74 W. 19th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8568627,-87.6291231], ['Mrs. J. Weiland','74 W. 19th St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8568627,-87.6291231], ['John Weinstein','P.O. Box 125','Lincoln, New Hampshire',44.0414145,-71.6712714], ['John Welman','Mariners' Church','San Francisco, California',37.79500000,-122.39555556], ['A. Werner','136 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9228131,-75.149305], ['Henry Werner','54 Academy St.','Amsterdam, New York',42.9432756,-74.1918617], ['Oskar Wezwagar','29 Loe St.','San Francisco, California',37.7225914,-122.4372105], ['Harry White','271 Stevenson St.','San Francisco, California',37.7853997,-122.4050947], ['J. Wideneek','122 Main St.','Medford, Massachusetts',42.4153996,-71.1104286], ['Andrew Wihlberg','6 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7923279,-122.3912755], ['Andrew Wihtol','76 Aberdeen St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8805072,-87.6546566], ['Martin Wihtol','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['John Wihtol','76 Aberdeen St.','Chicago, Illinois',41.8805072,-87.6546566], ['Jacob Wilkewsky','','Medicine Hat, Alberta',50.0405486,-110.6764257], ['Miss J. Williams','3911 Eaglesfield St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',40.2046196,-75.5862663], ['J. Williams','1106 State St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.9730988,-75.2026708], ['Andrew Winter','15 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7922559,-122.3913627], ['Fred Wirkne','16 Natoma St.','San Francisco, California',37.7890788,-122.3964759], ['A. Wosol','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['J. Wosol','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['W. Wosol','48 McKean St.','Philadelphia, Pennsylvania',39.922651,-75.1469386], ['Harry Yatzemeneff','','Contra Costa, California',37.8534093,-121.9017954], ['Mrs. Yatzemeneff','','Contra Costa, California',37.8534093,-121.9017954], ['John Zeelawing','6 Howard St.','San Francisco, California',37.7923279,-122.3912755], ['Peter Zelming','271 Stevenson St.','San Francisco, California',37.7853997,-122.4050947], ['M. Zepurneek','','Lincoln, New Hampshire',44.0380087,-71.6725066], ['P. Zers','','Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania',39.9292791,-75.2962972], ['Robert Zers','31 W. Ashland St.','Brockton, Massachusetts',42.093767,-71.0209203], ['Mr. Zers','','Peabody, Massachusetts',42.5278731,-70.9286609], ['Geo. Zetzer','61 Ellsworth St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.285069,-81.842247], ['Ilse Zetzer','22 Redman St.','Cleveland, Ohio',41.453689,-81.689528], ['John Zimerman','42 Windsor Place','Brooklyn, New York',40.6611529,-73.9840934], ['Zirpel','16 Salem St.','Boston, Massachusetts',42.3776781,-71.0663025] ]; // SHOW THE MAP google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, "load", initMap);

Address book from 1898 helps map Latvians in North America

In October 1897, an immigrant in Cleveland published the first edition of an address book for Latvians living in the United States and Canada. A second edition appeared in early 1898.

Like many other publications by early Latvian immigrants to America, the address book is a bibliographic rarity. I am aware of only two copies: one is in private hands in the United States and the other is in a rare books collection in a library in Latvia.

Amerikas latviešu adreses
Two pages photocopied from the 1898 edition of Amerikas latviešu adreses reveal some of the inconsistencies in the directory.

The address book was a project of Alexander Raufman1 (Aleksandrs Raufmanis, 1866-1915), who immigrated to the United States about 1886. Raufman settled in Cleveland, Ohio, where he worked as a blacksmith, according to the federal census of 1900. He became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1894 and in 1896 married Latvian immigrant Wilhelmina Pilskam (Pilskalna). The couple had five children. Raufman died in December 1915 from injuries suffered in an accident while working for the railroad.

Raufman was responsible for printing several publications in the Latvian language: at least two editions of Amerikas latviešu adreses (American Latvian Addresses)2, at least three editions of a wall calendar3, a collection of poetry4, and the early socialdemocratic monthly Auseklis (Morning Star), which was edited in Boston by Dāvids Bundža.

Little else is known about Raufman. Even the most complete examination of the Latvian community of Cleveland, the book Mūsu mājas un patvērums5 (Our Home and Refuge), provides little information about him.

Digitizing the data in the address book offers an opportunity to get a better sense of the distribution of Latvian immigrants at the turn of the 20th century. Working from the second edition, the names and addresses of nearly 600 Latvian immigrants were entered into a spreadsheet, the addresses geocoded, and the data displayed on a Google map.

Advertisement for address book
An advertisement for the second edition of Amerikas latviešu adreses appeared in the February 15, 1898, edition of the Boston newspaper Amerikas Vēstnesis.

Not surprisingly, the map reveals that Latvian immigrants at the close of the 19th century were primarily located in northeastern U.S. cities, especially Boston, New York, and Philadelphia, but also in Midwestern cities such as Cleveland and Chicago.

However, some interesting bits also emerge, such as the concentration of Latvians near the docks in San Francisco, suggesting that a number of them came to America as sailors. Many listed the three-story building at 16 Natoma Street as their address, which also is where the Latonia Society — the first Latvian organization in San Francisco — was founded in 18976. A number of the early residences of Latvian immigrants would have been destroyed during the 1906 earthquake and the ensuing massive fire.

Then there are the outliers, such as Wilhelm Wagner, who in 1898 was living on remote Unga Island in Alaska. Several Latvian immigrants lived in Arizona, one in Minnesota, a few in Wisconsin.

As documentation of Latvian settlement in America, the address book presents several challenges:

Cleaning of the data — that is, verifying names, addresses, and coordinates — presents its own challenges. The year 1898 came two years before the next federal census, and in many cases immigrants who had temporary quarters in a location had moved on by 1900. Some Latvians had established themselves to a degree by 1900 and can be located in census schedules, but often not without difficulty. Take, for example, David Klein and eight other Latvian men who appeared in Raufman’s directory as living in Clifton Heights, Pennsylvania, which now is a suburb west of Philadelphia. Street addresses were not provided for them. However, stone mason David Klein (or Kline, as he was listed in the schedule) was counted in the 1900 census as living at 87 Baltimore St. He arrived in the United States in 1888, followed the next year by his wife and two children. His son, Edwin, probably was the E. Kleins of Clifton Heights listed in Raufman’s directory. Boarding in the home were four men and one female servant, all born in Russia. One of the men was carpenter Rudolph Kluge, who also appeared in Raufman’s directory.

At this point, the database and the resulting map still need work. The JavaScript behind the map’s display needs much improvement. Although the data have been cleaned to a certain degree, I continue to verify names and addresses, as well as to squash anomalies. And that, I know, will take months of reviewing census records, city directories, and other sources.

How to use the map

The map shows locations of 546 individuals for whom addresses were provided in the 1898 directory. In many cases — but not all — these addresses have been “cleaned” to provide accurate location data. Seven individuals with addresses outside North America were excluded, as were several for whom no location was provided or whose information could not be read because of damage to the original document.

In its initial view, the map displays clusters of markers. The numbers on the cluster icons show how many individuals are in the cluster. Clicking on a cluster will zoom in the map to a closer view, revealing both individual markers as well as smaller clusters. Continued clicking on clusters eventually reveals a solitary marker.

At this point, it is not possible to show all names that may be behind a marker. I have not yet found a satisfactory JavaScript solution that will allow a marker to display the location as a heading with the names of all individuals associated with that location appearing below. Thus, while the map represents 546 individuals, the user will not see 546 markers or names.


1. Also spelled Raufmann. In modern Latvian, his name would be written Aleksandrs Raufmanis. In some references, perhaps because of the difficulty of discerning between the Gothic letters “R” and “K,” his surname appears as Kaufmann.

2. While Raufman was based in Cleveland, the center of late-19th century Latvian publishing in the United States was Boston, where Jacob Sieberg (Jēkabs Zībergs) and the Rev. Hans Rebane in 1896 had started the newspaper Amerikas Vēstnesis. While they found the first edition of Raufman’s directory interesting, it was deemed to be incomplete and full of errors. “Amerikas latviešu adreses,” Amerikas Vēstnesis, November 15, 1897, p. 2.

3. The first edition of the calendar appeared in early 1894, according to L.J., “Vēstule iz Bostonas,” Baltijas Vēstnesis, February 21, 1894, p. 2. According to a correspondent for Tēvija, who had seen the calendar for 1897 being distributed at Christmastime in Boston, Raufman planned to change the publication to book format. However, the correspondent wrote (Tēvija, January 3, 1896, p. 7.), the calendar exhibited grammatical errors as well as a lack of proper Latvian letters: “In other words, the print shop still needs Latvian type and the calendar an editor.”

4. Reference to the poetry collection is found in Baltijas Vēstnesis, April 5, 1897, p. 2. The collection, titled Pirmais dzejoļu krājums Amerikā (First Poetry Collection in America), was described by a correspondent to the newspaper as lacking literary merit.

5. Arturs Rubenis, ed., Mūsu mājas un patvērums (Cleveland: Klīvlandes latviešu biedrība, 2000).

6. For more on early Latvian immigrants in San Francisco, see Raimond G. Slaidiņš, ed., Latvieši Sanfrancisko un tās apkārtnē (San Francisco: Ziemeļkalifornija latviešu biedrība, 2011), and Elga Zālīte, “Exploring the Library of Latvian Socialists in San Francisco, California: Activities of the Early Latvian Political Emigration, 1905-1917,” Latvijas Vēstures Institūta Žurnāls, 2014: 2(91), 6-92.

7. “Teacher of Languages Dies at 85,” La Crosse Tribune, September 19, 1957, p. 7.

8. “United States Passport Applications, 1795-1925,” database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:QVJP-HWKH : 16 March 2018), Andrew Kraul, 1900; citing Passport Application, Wisconsin, United States, source certificate #19428, Passport Applications, 1795-1905., Roll 543, NARA microfilm publications M1490 and M1372 (Washington D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).